Class 12 English Unit 19 Migration and Diaspora Exercise & Grammar Notes

Next : Unit 20 Power and Politics 

Class 12 English Unit 19 Migration and Diaspora – Dediasporization:Homeland and Hostland Summary

Migration, diaspora, and dediasporization are complex issues with multifaceted aspects—this chapter addresses these various traits as they apply to migrants, homelands, and host countries. And that points to the fact that migration is not just about movement, it is also about identity, about citizenship, about belonging.

Diaspora by definition means: the movement, migration or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland and their staying in other places whether temporarily or permanently. Numerous form of migrants migrant to live in other nations for jobs, studies, or safety, which complicates their bonding between their home and host nations. The chapter introduces dediasporization as a process (of going home) as a return (of going home) to one life abroad. That may mean restoring citizenship or re-assimilation into the homeland or a continued transnational life.

This chapter provides the context that governments are at the heart of this process. It is up to the state to determine whether returnees can re-capture the right and status of the law. Others that repatriate, however, will always feel like outsiders, such as the Chinese diaspora in the Caribbean, who, generations later, are still considered foreign. Likewise, ethnic Germans who have returned from Central Asia are sometimes treated poorly in Germany, where they have no choice but to repatriate. By contrast, returnees in Israel normally receive total political and legal rights.

It emphasises the chapter's place in dediasporization by showcasing the individual. Returnees have to integrate with local communities while keeping in constant touch with their culture and helping build the nation. But this does not go smoothly all the time. Many migrants do not even find a way back into society: legal barriers, exclusion and identity problems make full reintegration impossible.

It also mentions NRNs (Non-Resident Nepalis), who are usually the ones who advocate for dual citizenship. The author contend that NRNs connection with country of origin is emotional but granting dual citizenship would not be legally and politically right.

NRNs also celebrate festivals similar to Teej, Dashain, Lhosar, Id, Holi, etc. abroad which symbolizes the desire of NRNs to maintain strong heritage ties. These are celebrations that reminds us of cultural identity is not defined by distance.

Essentially, the chapter depicts migration not as a proactive journey — a journey in pursuit of a better life — but as a journey with social, emotional, legal and political implications, where the migrants are continually molded by the interplay of homeland and hostland.